Advanced Battery Technology

U.S. BATTERY AND FUEL CELL PATENTS

Compiled by Eddie T. Seo, Littleton, CO, USA

etseo@netway.net

Official Gazette, Volume 1320 (July 2007)

U.S. 7,237,406 (20070703), Condenser/separator and method, Mark G. Voss and Liping Cao, Modine Manufacturing Co.

U.S. 7,237,428 (20070703), Fuel gauge for hydrogen storage media, David H. DaCosta, P. Mark Golben, and David C. Tragna, Hera USA, Inc.

U.S. 7,237,429 (20070703), Continuous-range hydrogen sensors, Greg Monty, Kwok Ng, Mohshi Yang, and Richard Finh, Nano-Proprietary, Inc.

U.S. 7,238,020 (20070703), Device for controlling hydrogen flow of hydrogen storage canister, Jefferson Y. S. Yang and Yingjeng James Li, Asia Pacific Fuel Cell Technologies, Ltd. (TW).

U.S. 7,238,045 (20070703), Battery-securing structure with setting-cleared elements, Ya-Han Chang, Giga-Byte Technology Co., Ltd. (TW).

U.S. 7,238,333 (20070703), High activity water gas shift catalysts with no methane formation, Anca Faur-Ghenciu, Sailesh Mullapudi, Mark R. Feaviour, Nathan E. Trusty, and Jessica G. Reinkingh, General Motors Corp.

U.S. 7,238,336 (20070703), Method for the production of a-alane, Gary K. Lund, Jami M. Hanks, and Harold E. Johnston, Alliant Techsystems Inc.

U.S. 7,238,413 (20070703), Conductive sheet material, Stephen John Edwards and Nigel Julian Walker, Technical Fibre Products Ltd. (GB).

U.S. 7,238,415 (20070703), Multi-component conductive polymer structures and a method for producing same, Nelly M. Rodriguez and R. Terry K. Baker, Catalytic Materials, LLC.

U.S. 7,238,440 (20070703), Membrane free fuel cell, Michael B. Damore, William E. Farneth, and Mark Andrew Harmer, E I du Pont de Nemours and Co.

U.S. 7,238,441 (20070703), Integrated bus bars for a fuel cell, Benno Andreas-Schott and Stephen Raiser, General Motors Corp.

U.S. 7,238,442 (20070703), Biological fuel cell and methods, Adam Heller, Abbott Diabetes Care, Inc.

U.S. 7,238,443 (20070703), Battery packs suitable for use with battery powered appliances, Kazuyuki Sakakibara, Makita Corp. (JP).

U.S. 7,238,444 (20070703), Lithium secondary battery, Tsutomu Sada, Kazunari Takeda, Yumiko Takashima, Naoto Nishimura, Takehito Mitate, Kazuo Yamada, Motoaki Nishijima, and Naoto Torata, Dai-Ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd. (JP) and Sharp Corp. (JP).

U.S. 7,238,445 (20070703), Solid electrolyte with high ion conductivity and electrochemical system using the solid electrolyte, Haruo Sawa, Nippon Kodoshi Corp. (JP).

U.S. 7,238,446 (20070703), Active electrode composition with conductive polymeric binder, Stanford R. Ovshinsky, Boyko Aladjov, Bora Tekkanat, Srinivasan Venkatesan, and Subhash K. Dhar, Ovonic Battery Co., Inc.

U.S. 7,238,447 (20070703), Enclosed nickel-zinc primary battery its anode and production methods for them, Kunihiko Miyamoto, Shuichiro Irie, Shinichi Miyamoto, Naomi Hadano, and Teiji Okayama, Toshiba Battery Co., Ltd. (JP).

U.S. 7,238,448 (20070703), Cathode for air assisted battery, Alexander Kaplan, Thomas Kelly, and Viet H Vu, The Gillette Co.

U.S. 7,238,449 (20070703), Nonaqueous electrolytic secondary battery and method of producing anode material thereof, Takashi Suzuki, Masanori Nakanishi, Yoshiro Harada, and Hiroto Sagisaka, FDK Corp. (JP).

U.S. 7,238,450 (20070703), High voltage laminar cathode materials for lithium rechargeable batteries, and process for making the same, Wilmont Frederick Howard Jr., Stephen Wilfred Sheargold, Anthony Michael Thurston, and Felix Mbanga Towa, Tronox LLC.

U.S. 7,238,451 (20070703), Conductive polyamine-based electrolyte, Roger E. Frech and Daniel T. Glatzhofer, The Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma.

U.S. 7,238,452 (20070703), Electrolyte for lithium battery and lithium battery comprising same, Hyun-Jeong Lim and Eui-Hwan Song, Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. (KR).

U.S. 7,238,453 (20070703), Non-aqueous electrolytic solution with mixed salts, Wu Xu, Zhongyi Deng, Pascal Bolomey, and Martin W. Payne, Ferro Corp.

U.S. 7,238,628 (20070703), Energy conversion and storage films and devices by physical vapor deposition of titanium and titanium oxides and sub-oxides, Richard E. Demaray, Hong Mei Zhang, Mukundan Narasimhan, and Vassiliki Milonopoulou, Symmorphix, Inc.

U.S. 7,238,735 (20070703), Process for producing aqueous dispersion of purified polytetrafluoroethylene, Jun Hoshikawa, Shinya Higuchi, and Yasuhiko Matsuoka, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. (JP).

U.S. 7,238,744 (20070703), Ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene articles and method of manufacture, Joseph G. Yaritz and J. Kevin Whear, Daramic, Inc.

U.S. 7,238,771 (20070703), Dibenzodiazocine polymers, Virgil J. Lee and Li-Sheng Wang, Solvay Advanced Polymers, LLC.

U.S. 7,239,073 (20070703), Carbon substance and method for manufacturing the same, electron emission element and composite materials, Hirofumi Takikawa, Youhei Fujimura, and Shigeo Itoh, Futaba Corp. (JP).

U.S. 7,239,112 (20070703), Battery overcharging compensation system and method transfer, P. Daniel Kangas, Toshiro Hiromitsu, and Seiichi Idei, International Business Machines Corp.

U.S. 7,239,146 (20070703), Indicator of remaining energy in storage cell of implantable medical device, Kristofer J. James and Shawn Kelley, Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.

U.S. 7,239,147 (20070703), Method and device for inspecting secondary battery precursor and method for manufacturing secondary battery using the inspection method, Toshiro Kume, Masashi Shoji, Emiko Igaki, Shuji Tsutsumi, Mikinari Shimada, Masakazu Tanahashi, Akira Takahashi, and Shouichi Imashuku, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (JP).

U.S. 7,241,151 (20070710), Negative jump start ground block for an automobile, Mark D. Bradshaw, GM Global Technology Operations, Inc.

U.S. 7,241,331 (20070710), Metal hydride canister apparatus, Chou-Zong Wu and Chi-Tang Hsu, Industrial Technology Research Institute (TW).

U.S. 7,241,396 (20070710), Thin film support substrate for use in hydrogen production filter and production method of hydrogen production filter, Hiroshi Yagi, Takanori Maeda, Yoshinori Oota, and Yasuhiro Uchida, Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha (JP).

U.S. 7,241,409 (20070710), Gas permeable flexible graphite sheet material and process therefor, Paul Calarco, Robert Angelo Mercuri, Matthew George Getz, Lawrence K. Jones, Thomas William Weber, Mehmet Suha Yazici, and Jeremy H. Klug, Advanced Energy Technology Inc.

U.S. 7,241,429 (20070710), Fuel reformer with cap and associated method, Michael W. Greathouse and Jon J. Huckaby, Arvin Technologies, Inc.

U.S. 7,241,474 (20070710), Preparation of patterned diffusion media, Chunxin Ji, Michael R. Schoeneweiss, Mark F. Mathias, and Joerg Roth, General Motors Corp.

U.S. 7,241,487 (20070710), Polycarboxyl/polyol fiberglass binder, Thomas J. Taylor and Derek C. Bristol, Johns Manville International, Inc.

U.S. 7,241,521 (20070710), Hydrogen/hydrogen peroxide fuel cell, Nie Luo and George Miley, NPL Associates, Inc.

U.S. 7,241,522 (20070710), Regenerative electrochemical cell system and method for use thereof, Lawrence C. Moulthrop Jr., Trent M. Molter, A. John Speranza, Mark A. Lillis, William Smith, Jason Shiepe, and Thomas M. Skoczylas, Proton Energy Systems, Inc.

U.S. 7,241,523 (20070710), Forced air fuel cell power system, Muralidharan P. Arikara, Lawrence R. Bawden Jr., Kenneth E. Pearson, and Glenn M. Dunn, Jadoo Power Systems, Inc.

U.S. 7,241,524 (20070710), System architecture for managing hydrogen leaks into fluid circuits of fuel cell systems, Oliver Maier, General Motors Corp.

U.S. 7,241,525 (20070710), Fuel cell layer with reactor frame, Gerard Francis McLean, Duhane Lam, and Olen Vanderleeden, Angstrom Power Inc. (CA).

U.S. 7,241,526 (20070710), Fuel cell manifold cable end clamp, Dale W. Petty and Cynthia M. Phillips, UTC Power Corp.

U.S. 7,241,527 (20070710), Method and apparatus for facilitating a chemical reaction, Qin Liu, Joseph W. Tsang, and L. Chris Mann, Hewlett-Packard Development Co., LP.

U.S. 7,241,528 (20070710), Catalytic electrodes and production process thereof, and electrochemical devices and fabrication process thereof, Go Sudo, Kenji Katori, and Kiyoshi Yamaura, Sony Corp. (JP).

U.S. 7,241,529 (20070710), Secondary battery including improved cap assembly and plug for the secondary battery, Sung-Jae Cho, Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. (KR).

U.S. 7,241,530 (20070710), Module battery, Etsuo Oogami, Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. (JP).

U.S. 7,241,531 (20070710), Battery and a battery encapsulation, Kenneth Dahlberg, St. Jude Medical AB (SE).

U.S. 7,241,532 (20070710), Positive-electrode material for lithium secondary battery, secondary battery employing the same, and process for producing positive-electrode material for lithium secondary battery, Kazuhiro Kikuchi and Koji Shima, Mitsubishi Chemical Corp. (JP).

U.S. 7,241,533 (20070710), Electrode for rechargeable lithium battery and rechargeable lithium battery, Hiroaki Ikeda, Masahisa Fujimoto, Shin Fujitani, Kenji Asaoka, Shigeki Matsuta, Yoichi Domoto, Ryuji Ohshita, Masaki Shima, Hiromasa Yagi, Hisaki Tarui, Hiroshi Kurokawa, Yoshio Kato, Hiroshi Nakajima, and Toshikazu Yoshida, Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. (JP).

U.S. 7,241,534 (20070710), Lithium polymer secondary cell, Naoto Nishimura, Masako Kitagawa, Motoaki Nishijima, Naoto Torata, and Koichi Ui, Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha (JP).

U.S. 7,241,535 (20070710), Electrolyte for lithium-sulfur batteries and lithium-sulfur batteries comprising the same, Seok Kim, Yongju Jung, Yunsuk Choi, Jandee Kim, and Soo Seok Choi, Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. (KR).

U.S. 7,241,536 (20070710), Electrolyte for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery comprising same, Jin-Sung Kim, Meen-Seon Paik, Jung-Joon Park, Young-Gyu Kim, Jong-Seob Kim, Hak-Soo Kim, Sang-Jun Lee, Jae-Hou Nah, Sang-Moon Hwang, and Chan-Jung Kim, Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. (KR).

U.S. 7,241,717 (20070710), Cathode catalyst for fuel cell, Tetsuo Ito, Tomoaki Terada, Hisao Kato, and Tetsuo Nagami, Cataler Corp. and Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (JP).

U.S. 7,241,718 (20070710), Dimethyl ether steam reforming catalyst and method for producing the same, Kaoru Takeishi and Kosei Yamamoto, Suzuki Motor Corp. (JP).

U.S. 7,242,164 (20070710), Battery pack including engagement concave portion for engagement with battery-using equipment, Akira Fukushima, Canon Kabushiki Kaisha (JP).

U.S. 7,244,280 (20070717), Method for producing electrochemical device, Kiyoshi Yamura, Sony Corp. (JP).

U.S. 7,244,281 (20070717), Method and apparatus for trapping and purging soot from a fuel reformer, Samuel N. Crane Jr. and William Taylor III, Arvin Technologies, Inc.

U.S. 7,244,525 (20070717), Fuel cell structure, Michio Horiuchi, Shigeaki Suganuma, and Misa Watanabe, Shinko Electric Industries Co., Ltd. (JP).

U.S. 7,244,526 (20070717), Solid oxide fuel cell anodes and electrodes for other electrochemical devices, Kerry D. Meinhardt, Steven P. Simner, and Vincent L. Sprenkle, Battelle Memorial Institute.

U.S. 7,244,527 (20070717), Multi-cell battery charge control, Martin G. Klein, Electro Energy, Inc.

U.S. 7,244,528 (20070717), Aluminum negative electrode battery, Hidesato Saruwatari, Haruchika Ishii, Takahiro Hirai, Norio Takami, and Mitsuo Kasori, Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba (JP).

U.S. 7,244,529 (20070717), Alkaline dry battery, Shuji Fujiwara, Shigeto Noya, Yasuo Mukai, Michiko Fujiwara, Shinichi Sumiyama, Takeshi Okubo, and Yasuko Hoshina, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (JP).

U.S. 7,244,530 (20070717), Rechargeable battery cell that is operated at normal temperatures, Gunther Hambitzer, Christiane Ripp, Ingo Stassen, Laurent Zinck, and Franziska Jager, Guenther Hambitzer (DE).

U.S. 7,244,531 (20070717), Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium battery using the same, Han-su Kim, Ju-yup Kim, and Seok-soo Lee, Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. (KR).

U.S. 7,244,545 (20070717), Fluorinated compound, fluoropolymer and process for its production, Yoko Takebe and Osamu Yokokoji, Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. (JP).

U.S. 7,244,688 (20070717), Method for in situ immobilization of water-soluble nanodispersed metal oxide colloids, Manfred T. Reetz and Marco Lopez, Studiengesellschaft Kohle mbH (DE).

U.S. 7,244,791 (20070717), Method for preparing sulfonated polystyrene for polymer electrolyte of fuel cell, Hyoung-Juhn Kim, Ho-Jin Kweon, Yeong-Chan Eun, and Sung-Yong Cho, Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. (KR).

U.S. 7,244,809 (20070717), Mono-, oligo- and polymers comprising dithienothiophene and aryl groups, Mark Giles, Marcus Thompson, and Iain McCulloch, Merck Patent GmbH (DE).

U.S. 7,244,811 (20070717), Method for the treatment of polyazole films, Joachim Petersen, PEMEAS GmbH (DE).

U.S. 7,244,887 (20070717), Electrical cells, components and methods, George H. Miley, Lattice Energy LLC.

U.S. 7,245,107 (20070717), System and method for battery charge control based on a cycle life parameter, Stephen W. Moore, Brad T. Hanauer, and Peter J. Schneider, Enerdel, Inc.

U.S. 7,245,108 (20070717), System and method for balancing state of charge among series-connected electrical energy storage units, Allan Chertok, J. Thomas Fowler, Darrell J. King, Gerald R. Larocque, Per Onnerud, and Jay J. Shi, TIAX LLC.

U.S. 7,245,478 (20070717), Enhanced breakdown voltage electrode, Linda Zhong and Xiaomei Xi, Maxwell Technologies, Inc.

U.S. 7,246,570 (20070724), Indication film for temperature and temperature distribution measurement and related method, Dacong Weng, Rong Fan, Xiwang Qi, and Shekhar Shripad Kamat, General Electric Co.

U.S. 7,247,048 (20070724), Battery contact mechanism, battery receiving structure, electric power unit, electronic equipment, and pressure-contacting mechanism, Koji Yokoyama, Ricoh Co., Ltd. (JP).

U.S. 7,247,259 (20070724), Processes for making aerogel-electrolyte-metal composites, Can Erkey and Hiroaki S. Hara, Aerogel Composite, LLC and University of Connecticut.

U.S. 7,247,281 (20070724), Methanation assembly using multiple reactors, Fred C. Jahnke and Sanjay C. Parab, FuelCell Energy, Inc.

U.S. 7,247,398 (20070724), System stack contingency and efficiency switching, Victor W. Logan and James W. Dandalides, General Motors Corp.

U.S. 7,247,400 (20070724), Fuel cell and method of controlling the same, Yosuke Oyabe, Shinji Nezu, and Naoki Ito, Aisin Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha (JP).

U.S. 7,247,401 (20070724), Method and apparatus for operating a fuel cell system, Markus Aberle and Joachim Blum, NuCellSys GmbH (DE).

U.S. 7,247,402 (20070724), Power generator and method for forming the same, Sossina Haile, Paul Ronney, and Zongping Shao, California Institute of Technology.

U.S. 7,247,403 (20070724), Surface modified stainless steels for PEM fuel cell bipolar plates, Michael P. Brady, Heli Wang, and John A. Turner, UT-Battelle, LLC.

U.S. 7,247,404 (20070724), Electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries and lithium secondary battery comprising the same, Yongju Jung, Seok Kim, and Jan-Dee Kim, Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. (KR).

U.S. 7,247,405 (20070724), Nonaqueous electrolyte battery, Takao Inoue, Masaharu Itaya, Masahide Miyake, and Masahisa Fujimoto, Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. (JP).

U.S. 7,247,406 (20070724), Method for activating metal hydride material, Benjamin Reichman, William Mays, and Michael A. Fetcenko, Ovonic Battery Co. Inc.

U.S. 7,247,407 (20070724), Electrode having modal distribution of zinc-based particles, Richard Edward Durkot, Lifun Lin, and Peter Bayard Harris, The Gillette Co.

U.S. 7,247,408 (20070724), Lithium anodes for electrochemical cells, Terje A. Skotheim, Christopher J. Sheehan, Yuriy V. Mikhaylik, and John Affinito, Sion Power Corp.

U.S. 7,247,409 (20070724), Alkaline storage battery and hydrogen storage alloy electrode used therefor, Kazutaka Ikeda, Susumu Kikuyama, Akiko Miyahara, and Kohji Yuasa, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (JP).

U.S. 7,247,592 (20070724), Method of activating catalyst for carbon monoxide removal, Mitsuaki Echigo, Takeshi Tabata, Hirokazu Sasaki, and Osamu Yamazaki, Osaka Gas Co., Ltd. (JP).

U.S. 7,247,599 (20070724), Preferential oxidation catalyst and process for preparing the same, Moon Chan Kim (KR) and In Hyuk Son (KR).

U.S. 7,248,017 (20070724), Portable contact-less power transfer devices and rechargeable batteries, Lily Ka-Lai Cheng, James Westwood Hay, and Pilgrim Giles William Beart, Spashpower Ltd., Cambridge (GB).

U.S. 7,248,018 (20070724), Personal renewable-energy fueling and storage station for electric-powered vehicles, John K. Sanders Jr., J. Kenneth Sanders, and Jeffrey Sanders, UFOZ, LLC.

U.S. 7,248,019 (20070724), Cordless power tool, Shinichi Ookubo, Atsushi Matsuoka, and Syuichi Ishii, Max Co., Ltd. (JP).

U.S. 7,248,020 (20070724), Battery-voltage monitoring integrated-circuit and battery-voltage monitoring system, Takao Hidaka and Yoshiyuki Nakagomi, Renesas Technology Corp. (JP) and Yashima Denki Co., Ltd. (JP).

U.S. 7,248,021 (20070724), Battery pack with resin integrated substrate and vent, Katsumi Kozu, Takeshi Ishimaru, Satoshi Kataoka, Koichi Toriyama, and Iichiro Mori, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (JP)

U.S. 7,248,022 (20070724), Method and apparatus for determining the available energy of a lithium ion battery, Thirumalai G. Palanisamy, Harmohan N. Singh, Hector M. Atehortua, and Steven Hoenig, Honeywell International, Inc.

U.S. 7,248,023 (20070724), Charger for lithium secondary battery and electronic apparatus including charger, Hideharu Takezawa, Masaaki Kuranuki, and Yasuhiko Bito, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (JP).

U.S. 7,248,043 (20070724), Method and apparatus for eddy current-based quality inspection of dry electrode structure, This patent was withdrawn prior to issue.

U.S. 7,248,460 (20070724), Electric double layer capacitor and electrolytic cell, Gregory J. May and William J. Allen, Hewlett-Packard Development Co., LP.

U.S. 7,248,920 (20070724), Apparatus and method for exercising a battery for an implantable medical device, John D. Norton and Craig L. Schmidt, Medtronic, Inc.

U.S. 7,248,929 (20070724), Implantable devices using rechargeable zero-volt technology lithium-ion batteries, Paul M. Meadows, Carla Mann Woods, Hisashi Tsukamoto, and Joey Chen, Advanced Bionics Corp. and Quallion, LLC.

U.S. 7,248,993 (20070724), Method for measuring remaining hydrogen capacity of hydrogen storage canister, Yaw-Chung Cheng and Yao-Sheng Hsu, Asia Pacific Fuel Cell Technologies, Ltd. (TW).

U.S. 7,250,075 (20070731), Water outlet control mechanism for fuel cell system operation in variable gravity environments, Arturo Vasquez, Kerri L. McCurdy, and Karla F. Bradley, United States of America.

U.S. 7,250,188 (20070731), Depositing metal particles on carbon nanotubes, Jean Pol Dodelet, Xuellang Sun, Ruying Li, Dominique Villers, and Sylvain Desilets, Her Majesty the Queen in right of Canada (CA).

U.S. 7,250,189 (20070731), Increasing the hydrophilicity of carbon fiber paper by electropolymerization, Chunxin Ji and Gerald W. Fly, General Motors Corp.

U.S. 7,250,229 (20070731), Procedure for starting up a fuel cell system having an anode exhaust recycle loop, Deliang Yang, Margaret M. Steinbugler, Richard D. Sawyer, Leslie L. Van Dine, and Carl A. Reiser, UTC Power Corp.

U.S. 7,250,230 (20070731), Water filter for an electrochemical fuel cell system, Ralph Fischer and Myles L. Bos, NuCellSys GmbH (DE).

U.S. 7,250,231 (20070731), Auxiliary fuel cell system, David J. Edlund, IdaTech, LLC.

U.S. 7,250,232 (20070731), Processing techniques for the fabrication of solid acid fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies, Dane Boysen, Calum Chisholm, Sossina M. Haile, and Tetsuya Uda, California Institute of Technology.

U.S. 7,250,233 (20070731), Lithium-sulfur batteries, Soo Seok Choi, Yunsuk Choi, Yongju Jung, Jaewoan Lee, Duck Chul Hwang, Joo Soak Kim, Zin Park, Seok Kim, and Ji Sung Han, Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. (KR).

U.S. 7,250,234 (20070731), Lithium battery with retained gel-electrolyte, Raffaele La Ferla and Larisa V. Malinovskaya, Caleb Technology Corp.

U.S. 7,250,288 (20070731), Electrode compositions and configurations for electrochemical bioreactor systems, Joseph Gregory Zeikus and Doo Hyun Park, Board of Trustees of Michigan State University.

U.S. 7,250,454 (20070731), Conductive nanocomposite films, Tapesh Yadav and Clayton Kostelecky, NanoProducts Corp.

U.S. 7,250,534 (20070731), Performance of energy storage devices: potential areas for dendritic chemistry involvement, George R. Newkome, University of South Florida.

U.S. 7,250,612 (20070731), Devices and methods capable of authenticating batteries, Vandita Pai-Paranjape, Philippe Schottland, and Micah S. Sze, General Electric Co.

U.S. 7,250,741 (20070731), Method and system for calculating available power of a battery, Jae Seung Koo and Suk Hyung Kim, Hyundai Motor Co. (KR)

U.S. 7,251,112 (20070731), Battery protect circuit for switched circuit that switches between a supply and a battery, Kenneth W. Fernald, Silicon Labs CP, Inc.

U.S. 7,251,122 (20070731), Electric chemical capacitor, and method and apparatus for manufacturing electrode for electric chemical capacitor, Kiyonori Hinoki, Yousuke Miyaki, Kazuo Katai, Hideki Tanaka, and Tsuyoshi Ichiki, TDK Corp. (JP).

U.S. 7,251,527 (20070731), Method for monitoring end of life for battery, Michael J. Lyden, Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.

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